Fig. 4: Tumor-reactive TILs exhibit specific antitumor activity against autologous tumor cells.

a–h tr-TILs co-cultured with matched GB-NS. a–c Scatters plots showing the residual number of tumor cells (count) from different GB molecular subtypes when in co-culture with autologous tr-TILs or PBMCs (ptPBMC), and healthy donor PBMCs (dPBMC) at (a) 24, (b) 48, and (c) 72 h, at E: T ratio = 3:1. d Quantification of IFNγ (pg/ml) secreted by tr-TILs co-cultured with autologous tumor cells from different GB molecular subtypes (24 h); as controls dPBMC and ptPBMCs were used. Data were derived from 12 cases, 4 with mesenchymal, 4 with proneural and 4 with classical subtype. Data are presented as mean ± SD, with 2 technical replicates averaged prior to statistical analysis assessed using a two-tailed unpaired t test. e Representative flow cytometry histograms showing PD-L1 expression levels of GB-NS in co-culture with tr-TILs (orange: TILs + GB-NS Day 3; red: TILs + GB-NS Day 5) compared to FMO (fluorescence minus one) control (black) and GB-NS alone (blue). f Bar histograms showing PD-L1 MFI of GB-NS alone and in co-culture with tr-TILs (n = 6). Data are presented as mean ± SD and statistical significance was assessed using a two-tailed unpaired t test. g Scatter plot showing residual tumor cells (count) in co-culture with tr-TILs at Day 3 and Day 5 (n = 6). Data are presented as mean ± SD, and statistical significance was assessed using a two-tailed unpaired t test. h ELISA quantification of IFNγ secreted by tr-TILs co-cultured with GB-NS at Day 3 and Day 5 (n = 5). Data are presented as mean ± SD, and statistical significance was assessed using a two-tailed unpaired t test. (i–k) PD-L1 blocking in tr-TILs co-cultured with GB-NS. i Representative flow cytometry plot of tr-TILs co-cultured with GB-NS in the presence of αPD-L1 antibody and in the presence of the isotype control (IgG2a/eBM2a). j Scatter plot showing the residual number of tumor cells (count) in co-culture with tr-TILs in the presence of αPD-L1 antibody and isotype control (IgG2a/eBM2a) at 24 and 48 h (n = 6). k ELISA quantification of IFNγ secreted by tr-TILs co-cultured with GB-NS in the presence of αPD-L1 antibody and isotype control at 24 and 48 h (n = 5). Data are presented as mean ± SD, and statistical significance was assessed using a two-tailed unpaired t test. Full numerical data and comprehensive details of statistical analyses are available in the corresponding source data tables for each figure. Source Data are provided as a Source Data file.