Fig. 5: Large-area and patterned PeLEDs.

a PL image of a 50 × 50 mm2 perovskite thin film fabricated via LBL deposition, with the inset showing 16 selected points for uniformity evaluation. b PL intensity distribution at 16 positions. c PL peak positions at 16 locations. d EL image of a PeLED with an emission area of 15 × 10 mm2 e PeLEDs with “IAM” patterned design. f PeLEDs with a patterned design resembling the landmark building of Nanjing Tech University.