Fig. 1: Participant enrollment cascade.

Participants were selected at the individual level irrespective of household. However, during enrollment, some heads of households refused to have anyone in their household participate. Therefore, 22% of participants were lost due to household level refusals. The rest were due to individual level reasons. Quality control issues with the specimens included data collection and laboratory issues such as contamination or low bead counts. Percentages are calculated based on the previous step in the participant cascade.