Table 3 Biomarker levels in the study cohorts

N

5917

2751

106,467

1940

Alanine aminostransferase

−0.1 (0.94)

−0.06 (0.99)

−0.01 (1.01)

0.1 (1.04)

Albumin

0.17 (0.99)

0.13 (0.99)

0.05 (0.99)

−0.1 (1.02)

Alkaline phosphatase

−0.22 (0.93)

−0.19 (0.91)

−0.1 (0.97)

0.13 (1)

Apolipoprotein A

0.08 (0.96)

0.04 (1)

−0.01 (0.98)

−0.16 (0.97)

Apolipoprotein B

−0.08 (0.94)

−0.03 (0.97)

−0.02 (0.97)

−0.08 (1.05)

Aspartate aminotransferase

−0.1 (0.9)

−0.09 (0.94)

−0.05 (0.98)

0.09 (1.06)

C-reactive protein

−0.22 (0.79)

−0.15 (0.86)

−0.05 (0.95)

0.21 (1.18)

Calcium

−0.01 (0.98)

0.01 (0.97)

−0.02 (0.99)

−0.01 (1.02)

Cholesterol

−0.02 (0.92)

0.01 (0.95)

−0.02 (0.96)

−0.18 (1.08)

Creatinine

0.01 (0.94)

−0.01 (0.94)

−0.03 (0.96)

0.2 (1.11)

Cystatin C

−0.33 (0.82)

−0.29 (0.85)

−0.17 (0.92)

0.31 (1.1)

Direct bilirubin

0.07 (1.02)

0.07 (1.04)

0.01 (1.01)

0.07 (1.01)

Direct low-density lipoprotein

−0.03 (0.93)

0 (0.95)

−0.01 (0.96)

−0.14 (1.06)

Gamma glutamyltransferase

−0.16 (0.85)

−0.11 (0.92)

−0.06 (0.95)

0.18 (1.08)

Glucose

−0.15 (0.82)

−0.11 (0.84)

−0.08 (0.92)

0.19 (1.2)

HbA1c1c

−0.27 (0.79)

−0.22 (0.83)

−0.13 (0.93)

0.28 (1.14)

HDL cholesterol

0.14 (0.98)

0.08 (1.01)

0.01 (0.98)

−0.22 (0.95)

IGF-1

0.25 (0.95)

0.19 (0.97)

0.1 (0.99)

−0.1 (1.02)

Lipoprotein (a)

−0.02 (0.98)

0.02 (1.02)

−0.01 (1)

0.05 (1.05)

Phosphate

0 (0.98)

0.01 (0.98)

0.01 (1)

−0.01 (1)

SHBG

0.06 (1.03)

0.02 (1.01)

−0.01 (1.02)

−0.19 (0.89)

Testosterone

0.07 (1.02)

0.02 (1.01)

−0.03 (0.99)

0.16 (0.98)

Total bilirubin

0.1 (1.02)

0.09 (1.05)

0.02 (1.01)

0.02 (0.99)

Total protein

0.01 (0.99)

0.01 (0.99)

0 (0.99)

−0.03 (1.02)

Triglycerides

−0.2 (0.92)

−0.1 (1)

−0.05 (0.99)

0.16 (1.07)

Urate

−0.12 (0.97)

−0.07 (1.01)

−0.05 (0.99)

0.28 (1.02)

Urea

−0.11 (0.92)

−0.12 (0.92)

−0.08 (0.96)

0.16 (1.07)

Vitamin D

0.07 (0.97)

0.08 (0.97)

0.02 (0.99)

0.03 (1.02)