Fig. 3: Compartmental diagram of coupled SEIRS (susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered-susceptible) model. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: Compartmental diagram of coupled SEIRS (susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered-susceptible) model.

From: Using COVID-19 pandemic perturbation to model RSV-hMPV interactions and potential implications under RSV interventions

Fig. 3

Individuals in the population are categorized based on their infection status to RSV (green) and hMPV (orange). New infections occur based on a baseline transmission rate, β, that varies seasonally \(\xi (t)=(a\cos (2\pi (w(t)/52-p))+1)\), and can differ for hMPV based on some factor r. In the coupled model, the seasonal forcing function ξ(t) is assumed to be the same for RSV and hMPV, and RSV incidence, and (1 + cIRSV(t)/N) can additionally force the hMPV transmission rate. After infection, individuals temporarily remain in the exposed class, where they are not yet infectious. Exposed individuals (E) become infectious (I) at rate σ, and infectious individuals recover (R) at rate γ. Recovered individuals lose immunity and become susceptible (S) at rate ω. Versions where summed RSV incidence over some lag can force hMPV transmission were also considered (i.e., \({\sum }_{i=0}^{l}{I}_{{{{\rm{RSV}}}}}(t-l)\)) as in Supplementary Information Section 2.2).

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