Table 1 Information on additional defense systems found in S. thermophilus

From: Strengthening phage resistance of Streptococcus thermophilus by leveraging complementary defense systems

Defense system

Sub-type

Total number

Number of homologs

Maximum number per strain

Mechanism

Abi phenotype

Ref.

Broad activity

 Gao19

–

35

12

1

NAD + /ATP depletion, DNA degradation

Yes

34

 Gabija

–

16

7

1

DNA degradation

Yes

35

 Hachiman

I

14

5

1

DNA degradation

Yes

36

 Dodola

–

7

3

1

Unknown

Unknown

16

 Thoeris

I

1

1

1

NAD +  depletion; Signaling-based

Yes

33

Narrow activity

 AbiD

–

76

15

2

Unknown

Yes

77

 AbiH

–

36

12

2

Unknown

Yes

78

 AbiE

–

35

9

2

Toxin anti-toxin

Yes

39

 PD-Lambda-1

–

27

10

1

Unknown

Unknown

68

 RosmerTA

–

26

4

1

Toxin anti-toxin

Yes

16

 SoFic

–

14

4

2

Unknown

Unknown

16

 CBASS

II

6

1

1

Signaling-based

Yes

38

 Kiwa

–

4

1

1

DNA degradation

No

37

 SEFIR

–

4

2

1

NAD + depletion

Yes

16

 Borvo-like

–

2

1

1

Unknown

Yes

16

 Retron

III

3

1

1

Reverse transcriptase

Yes

40

 Lamassu

–

1

1

1

Unknown

Yes

16

No activity

 AbiJ

–

2

1

1

Unknown

Yes

79

Not tested

 RloC

–

17

6

1

Translation stop

Yes

42

 PrrC

–

3

1

1

Translation stop

Yes

43

 Stk2§

–

2

2

1

Phosphorylation

Yes

41

  1. Defense systems were omitted from the homolog counts when at least one of the defense genes was a pseudogene. Defense systems are classified according to their activity spectrum against tested streptococcal phages. §Pseudogene. Abi Abortive infection, Ref. Reference.
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