Fig. 4: The application of STEEL-seq to identify SSBs.

Testing the utility of STEEL-seq for SSB detection in mitochondrial DNA with different sequencing techniques. STEEL-seq was performed with Nanopore, Illumina, and PacBio whole genome sequencing to detect SSBs at nicking sites. The DNA was nicked with Nt.BsmAI prior to STEEL-seq treatment to create SSBs at GTCTCN*N. The sequencing analysis results show the incorporation of mismatched bases in positions with dA (marked in red) in the reference genome; this was observed downstream of the nicking site at two different loci, A chrM:13020 and B chrM:14960 on the reverse strand, across all three sequencing technologies. The mitochondrial chromosome was chosen for presentation purposes; coverage on other chromosomes is lower on average. Image based on JBrowse screenshot.