Fig. 3: JADE-E and Waves in situ observations.

a Electron energy-time spectrogram. b Pitch angle (PA)-time spectrogram for electrons with energies between 1.1 and 30.2 keV. The size of the loss cone is indicated by the dashed gray lines. c Partial electron downward energy flux (EF Down, in black) and characteristic energy (EC Down, in blue). Electrons with energy between 1.1 and 30.2 keV have been considered. d Frequency-time spectrogram of the ratio of the electric (E) to magnetic (cB) spectral densities. Color bands above (a) indicate on which auroral structure on Jupiter’s northern pole Juno’s magnetic footprint maps. Juno’s M-Shell, altitude (Alt), magnetic latitude (MLat), and longitude separation to Callisto as a function of time are indicated below the panel (d).