Fig. 4: Extracellular bacteria enable release of vacuolar populations in a T3SS-dependent manner.
From: Cross-membrane cooperation among bacteria can facilitate intracellular pathogenesis
A, B Image analysis of timelapse images measuring vacuole numbers for wild type (WT) (A) or ∆exsA (B) when co-infected with different strains. C Representative widefield microscopy images of human corneal epithelial cells (hTCEpi) infected with P. aeruginosa wild-type/∆exsA (red) co-infected with different strains (wild type, ∆exsA, ∆exsE; all in green) at MOI 100 (MOI 50 per strain). Images were taken 10 h post-infection at ×40 magnification. P. aeruginosa (green or red), Hoechst (gray). Scale bar equals 50 µm. D, E Area under the curve bar plots for the percent infected cells of red WT (D) or ∆exsA (E) bacteria in presence of other strains. F, G Image analysis of timelapse images measuring cell death rates in WT (F) or ∆exsA (G) infections, coinfected with other strains. Data of biological replicates represented as mean ± SEM (A, B, F, G) or SD (D, E), N = 8 (A, B), N = 5 (C, D), N = 6 (F, G). For statistical analysis, a Two-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons (A, B, F, G) or a one-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons (D, E) was performed. Exact P values—A: WT vs. ∆exsE = 0.0055, ∆exsA vs. ∆exsE = 0.0037, B: WT vs. ∆exsE = 0.0002, ∆exsA vs. ∆exsE = 0.0004. P ≤ 0.01 = **, P ≤ 0.001 = ***. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
