Fig. 3: Performance of LiteLoc on biological samples imaged with astigmatic and 6 µm DMO-Tetrapod PSFs.

a Top view of Nup96 in a U2OS cell reconstructed by LiteLoc based on astigmatic PSF. DeepSTORM3D, DECODE, and LiteLoc’s inference time were approximately 1.6 h, 310 s, and 85 s on a single RTX 4090 GPU, respectively. b, c Magnified top and side views of the regions indicated by boxes (b and c) in (a), reconstructed using DeepSTORM3D, DECODE, and LiteLoc, respectively. d Top view of Nup96 in a U2OS cell reconstructed by LiteLoc using 6 µm DMO-Tetrapod PSF. DeepSTORM3D, DECODE, and LiteLoc’s inference time were approximately 4.2 h, 13 min, and 225 s on a single RTX 4090 GPU, respectively. e Zoomed-in view of the region indicated by box (e) in (d), reconstructed using DeepSTORM3D, DECODE, and LiteLoc, respectively. f, g Autocorrelation and normalized Fourier spectra along the x-direction for the region marked (e) in (d), reconstructed by DeepSTORM3D, DECODE, and LiteLoc, respectively. The blue circle indicates the peak frequency and amplitude at 1/ pixel size of single-molecule image (110 nm). h Side view of the region indicated by box (h) in (d). i Zoomed-in view of the region indicated by box (i) in (h), reconstructed using DeepSTORM3D, DECODE, and LiteLoc, respectively. Scale bars, 5 µm (a, d), 200 nm (b, c), 500 nm (e), 1 µm (h, i).