Fig. 1: ASC ferroptosis coincides with TIPE2 loss in VAT macrophages in HFD-fed mice.

a Representative confocal imaging of lipofuscin autofluorescence in epididymal VAT sections from mice fed with NCD or HFD for 34 weeks. Scale bars, 20 μm. b Representative confocal imaging of immunofluorescence for 4-HNE (red) in ASCs (Sca-1, green) in VAT sections. Scale bars, 15 μm. c, d Immunoblots and densitometry assay for 4-HNE (c), ACSL4, SLC7A11 and GPX4 (d) in VAT. n = 4 mice per group. e Representative confocal imaging of immunofluorescence for ACSL4 (magenta) in ASCs (Sca-1, green) in VAT section. Scale bars, 5 μm. f Three-dimensional confocal imaging of spatial adjacency of macrophages (F4/80, green) and ASCs (Sca-1, red) in VAT sections. Scale bars, 10 μm. g Immunoblots and densitometry assay for TIPE2 protein in VAT. n = 3 mice per group. h Representative confocal imaging of immunofluorescence for TIPE2 (red) in macrophages (F4/80, green) in VAT sections. Scale bars, 10 μm. i–k Representative immunofluorescence for TIPE2 (red) (i) with quantification of mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) (j, n ≥ 32 cells) and TIPE2 immunoblots (k) in wild-type macrophages that were treated with or without FA for 18 h, examined over three independent experiments. Scale bars, 20 μm. Three biologically independent samples were examined per condition in (a, b, e, f, h). Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 determined by two-tailed student’s t-test (c, d, g, j).