Fig. 4: Freezing level height analysis and monthly distribution.
From: Future changes in severe hail across Europe, including regional emergence of warm-type thunderstorms
Freezing level (FZLV) height distribution of grid points satisfying Severe Hail Potential criteria, except the FZLV height component. These all simultaneously exceed the graupel, vertical velocity in the hail growth zone, and vertical wind shear thresholds (as defined in severe hail potential); for a December, January and February (DJF), b March, April and May (MAM), c June, July and August (JJA), d September, October and November (SON). Storms with FZLV height between 2000 and 4500 m (those between the dashed orange lines) satisfy the Severe Hail Potential criteria. “Current” refers to 1998–2007, and “future” refers to the end-of-century. e Severe hail potential per month in the current and future (end-of-century) simulations. The grey and red shaded areas span the 10 years sampled within the current and future (end-of-century) simulations, respectively, and lines in (e) depict the average values. Similarly, violet shading and line show the total of future severe hail potential if the warm-type thunderstorms were included. The analysis is for the whole domain analysed (i.e,. excluding 70 grids from each lateral boundary).
