Fig. 1: Schematic illustration of miRNA detection based on LRET.

The pDNAs indicate probe DNAs that are complementary to the respective target miRNAs. IRDye800 is an acceptor. a TG-LRET using NIR long-lived UCNP as a donor exhibits higher sensitivity than (b) SS-LRET using NIR short-lived UCNP as a donor. UCNP, upconversion nanoparticle; LRET, luminescence resonance energy transfer; EM, energy migration; ET, energy transfer. In a, b dark blue and light blue spheres represent Yb3+ ions in the excited and ground states, respectively. Part of the figure was created in BioRender. https://BioRender.com/7185k6m.