Fig. 6: Causal effects between BMFF and osteoporosis using Mendelian randomization.
From: Genetic architecture of bone marrow fat fraction implies its involvement in osteoporosis risk
The forest plots show the causal effects of BMFFs on osteoporosis. Disease outcomes were identified based on ICD9 and ICD10. The measure of center refers to causal effect sizes of BMFFs on osteoporosis, which are presented as ORs per standard deviation increment, with shape indicating significance levels: triangle denotes Bonferroni correction for significance (two-sided P value <0.003 (0.05 divided by three principal components and five MR methods)) and round indicates non-significant correlations. The error bars represent 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). MR analyses were performed using the R package TwoSampleMR with the inverse-variance weighted technique as our major model. The number of instrumental variables used was provided in Supplementary Data 30. The exact P values were provided in Supplementary Data 30. BMFF bone marrow fat fraction, Th thoracic vertebra, L lumbar vertebra, PF proximal femur, LPF left proximal femur, RPF right proximal femur, OR odds ratio, CIs confidence intervals.
