Fig. 6: Integrated radar imaging and communication with the frequency-comb-steered quasi-TTD beamformer.

a Experimental setup. The radar receiver is co-located with the PAA transmitter, while the communication receiver and the 4-point scatterer are positioned 1.5 m away. The communication receiver collects signals by a Vivaldi horn antenna. After being amplified and filtered, the received signals are digitized by a DSO, followed by demodulation of communication symbols in a computer. LNA low noise amplifier, BPF bandpass filter, DSO digital storage oscilloscope. Spectrograms and waveforms of the 12–18 GHz, 800 Mbaud, 64-QAM CE-LFM-OFDM signal. The transmitted (b) and received (c) signals were acquired at the input of the 9th antenna and at the output of the BPF in the communication receiver, respectively. Results of ISAR imaging and communication EVM when the beam direction is 0° (d) and −30° (e), respectively. Instances where the target and communication receiver are either aligned with the antenna beam (upper) or misaligned (lower) are depicted. f Communication EVM versus radar bandwidth with different communication rates. g Communication EVM versus communication rate with different radar bandwidths. Each box plot in f and g shows the median (central line), the lower (25th percentile) and upper (75th percentile) quartiles (box edges), and data within 1.5 times the interquartile range (IQR). The IQR, defined as the difference between the upper and lower quartiles, captures the middle 50% of the data. Whiskers extend to the minimum and maximum values within this range, while data points beyond 1.5×IQR from the quartiles are outliers and thus not shown.