Fig. 4: The manufacture and alignment programming of LCE 3D structure.

a DLP 3D printing setup and LCE resin formulation. b The programming illustration and actuation behavior of 3D printed octopus. c The 3D printed LCE objects and corresponding reversible actuation. For all samples, the soaking time is controlled at 24 h. d Fabricating 3D structure through molding. The arrow represents the direction of the stretching. The soaking time is controlled at 24 h. e Forming reversible visual patterns through the embossing technique. The soaking time is controlled at 4 h and the thickness of LCE films is 0.6 mm. All the scale bars are 1 cm.