Fig. 5: LCE origami.

a Folding and unfolding process of Square-Twist origami consisting of square and rhombus panels. b Design and actuation behaviors of different origami patterns. c 2D to 3D reversible transformation examples of origami “crane” and “airplane”. d The origami LCE “shrimp” and “moth” obtained through multiple folds. e 3D to 3D reversible transformation examples of origami “shrimp” and “moth”. The white arrows in (c, e) represent their actuation directions. All the scale bars are 1 cm.