Fig. 4: Robust parallel North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) and Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) overturning weakening responses to freshwater input in the North Atlantic.

NADW and AABW overturning rate evolutions in idealized water hosing experiments under preindustrial conditions in CESM53. In experiment 0.25 Sv_North_Atlantic and 0.5 Sv_North_Atlantic, 0.25 Sv and 0.5Sv freshwater are added to 50°–70°N North Atlantic, respectively. In 0.5Sv_Gulf_of_Mexico, 0.5Sv freshwater is added to the Gulf of Mexico (15°–33°N, 255°–279°E).