Fig. 4: PNP subtypes affect different cellular compartments of peripheral nerves.

A Proportion of cells split by disease group and colored by the main clusters. B, C Changes in cluster abundance in patients with vasculitic (VN), chronic inflammatory demyelinating (CIDP), and chronic idiopathic axonal (CIAP) polyneuropathy vs. controls (CTRL). The right panels display changes of the main clusters (as in Fig. 1B), the right panels show differences in the immune cell subclusters (Fig. 2A). Only clusters with a log₂ fold change > 0.5 are shown. D–F Spatial-seq was performed on sural nerve samples from a total of eight patients (two per disease). D Representative sections of H&E staining of sural nerves overlaid with spatial-seq showing predicted Schwann cell clusters in CTRL (S24, left panel) and VN (S30, right panel) patients. Each dot represents one cell. E The density of PTPRC transcripts in the endoneurium (left pot) and epineurium (right plot) per disease group (n = 2 per disease group). Box plots show the median, interquartile range (IQR), and whiskers extending to 1.5 × IQR. Dots represent individual measurements. F Representative spatial-seq images showing TREM2 transcripts (yellow) in the perineurium of CTRL (S24), VN (S30), CIDP (S01), and CIAP (S04) patients. Each square indicates the expression of one transcript. G Neighborhood graphs displaying the number of DEG between PNP patients with VN (left), CIDP (middle) or CIAP (right), and CTRL in a cluster-free neighborhood-based approach. Edges reflect the number of cells shared between neighborhoods.