Fig. 5: Electrochemical performance of the Li||LFP and Li||S batteries.
a Long-term charge and discharge cycling of the Li||LFP cells with the bare Li and Li@AIL-NFE at 2 C. b Rate performance of Li||LFP cells with the bare Li and Li@AIL-NFE. c Cycling performance of Li||LFP cell based on the Li@AIL-NFE with an LFP loading of 20.1 mg cm-2 at 0.5 C. d Cycling performance of the negative electrode-free LFP cell with the Cu@AIL-NFE. e Comparison of cycling performance of our negative electrode-free LFP cell based on the Cu@AIL-NFE with other reported work. The source of the literature data shown in this figure can be found in Supplementary Information, Table S3. f Pressure variation diagrams for the LFP pouch cells with the bare Cu and Cu@AIL-NFE during the first cycle. Pressure distribution maps of the LFP pouch cell with bare Cu (g) and Cu@AIL-NFE (h) before and after the first cycle. The number of each pixel represents the weight existing at that position (the areal is 0.0625 cm2, unit (g)). i Long-term charge and discharge cycling of Li||S cells with the bare Li and Li@AIL-NFE at 2 C. j Rate performance of Li||S cells with the bare Li and Li@AIL-NFE. k Cycling performance of the Li||S cells with the bare Li and Li@AIL-NFE at −20 °C. l Cycling performance of Li||S pouch cells based on the Li@AIL-NFE negative electrode with an S loading of 4.0 mg cm−2 (S loading: 64 mg). m Energy density of Li||S pouch cells based on the Li@AIL-NFE negative electrode with an S loading of 6.0 mg cm−2 (S loading: 96 mg). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
