Fig. 2: Ultrasound focal characteristics and neuroanatomical targeting.
From: Ultrasound system for precise neuromodulation of human deep brain circuits
a Simulated focal intensity for the transcranial ultrasound system in the axial (top) and lateral (bottom) planes at the geometric focus. b Relative focal pressure and −3 dB focal volume as a function of lateral and axial steering position. The values are normalised to the focal pressure and focal volume at the geometric centre of the helmet (position shown with a + symbol). The highly targeted focus is maintained over a very wide steering range. c Planning images showing the T1-weighted MR (grayscale), CT image thresholded to show the skull (green), functional activation from visual task (purple, lower-level GLM in FEAT, FSL cluster-corrected with a thresholded at z = 3.1, p < 0.05), statistical segmentation of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) (blue), and −6 dB volume of the simulated target pressure (yellow/red). d Schematic of the visual system showing the connections between the left and right LGN and the primary visual cortices.
