Fig. 1: Speleothem δ18O records.
From: Interstadial diversity of East Asian summer monsoon linked to changes of the Northern Westerlies
a–c Speleothem records from Qixing cave (this study and ref. 64), Xiaotian cave (this study) and Shennong cave (this study), China, respectively. The vertical bar indicates DO-15.1. Error bars show U-Th dates with uncertainties (2σ) for each record (color coded). Cave locations are shown in (d), red stars show locations for the caves presented in this study, while the black dots indicate the location of other caves mentioned in this study. The black arrows are the June-July-August (JJA) monthly 850 hPa low-level wind (black arrows), data obtained from the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) (https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.gpcp.html). The shaded areas represent the approximate locations of various monsoon systems18, while the red dashed line outlines the approximate boundary of the transitional zone between the EASM and the ISM. ISM Indian summer monsoon; EASM East Asian summer monsoon. WNPSM Western North Pacific summer monsoon; TP Tibetan Plateau.
