Fig. 2: Comparison between Greenland ice-core, marine sediment and speleothem records from different monsoon domains.
From: Interstadial diversity of East Asian summer monsoon linked to changes of the Northern Westerlies
a 231Pa/230Th from the Bermuda Rise (CDH1911), reflecting the strength of AMOC11,98. b Greenland NGRIP ice-core δ18O records4,5 on the GICC05 chronology and shifted by + 230 years. c, d Speleothem δ18O record from Xinglong cave99, Shennong cave (dark green, this study) and Xianyun cave52 (gray) in the EASM domain. e, f Speleothem δ18O records from Bittoo cave (navy, ref. 68; Red, this study) in the ISM domain. Note that the age uncertainty for the Bittoo cave records is large at this time (Supplementary Table 3), thus this record is plotted against depth. g SASM speleothem record from Paraíso cave, Brazil (gray, original data; black, 10-point moving average; this study). Error bars show U-Th dates with uncertainties (2σ) for the record. Note the reversed y-axis in (a) and (c–f). Greenland Stadials (GS) and Greenland Interstadials (GI)5 are shown at the top. The vertical bars indicate DO-15.1 and DO-15.2, respectively. Cave locations are shown Fig. 1d and Supplementary Fig. 1. ISM Indian summer monsoon; EASM East Asian summer monsoon; SASM South American summer monsoon. DO Dansgaard-Oeschger.
