Fig. 5: Impact resistance and energy dissipation capability.

Force-time curves of PL-gel, Ecoflex, EVA foam, and PP at a drop height of a 90 cm and b 50 cm. c Peak force values and d cushioning time of different samples collected from the above experiments. e Schematic diagram of the ballistic impact testing system. f Impact velocity of aluminum projectiles after passing through organic gel, PD-gel, PL-gel, and Kevlar. g Energy dissipation of samples at different impact velocities. Impact process of h PD-gel at an initial velocity of 181.5 m/s and i PL-gel at an initial velocity of 179.9 m/s.