Fig. 3: Non-equilibrium spin accumulations and their ensuing torques.

a, b Phase diagrams of δS per unit cell (in units of ℏ/2) for each sublattice induced by E_x = 1V/μm for λ_v = 0. The dashed lines mark where the global band gap is reduced to 1 meV with an increasing ∣λ_R∣. Illustrative comparison between: c ordinary SOT induced by a uniform spin accumulation δS^A = δS^B, and d NSOT induced by a contrasting spin accumulation δS^A = −δS^B.