Table 3 Top AR-AD phenotype pairs with high semantic similarity, where the dominant phenotype is likely to involve a dominant-negative effect

From: Prevalence of loss-of-function, gain-of-function and dominant-negative mechanisms across genetic disease phenotypes

Gene

Recessive phenotype

Dominant phenotype

Similarity

POLG

Progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions, autosomal recessive

Progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions, autosomal dominant 1

0.775

AFG3L2

Spastic ataxia 5, autosomal recessive

Spinocerebellar ataxia 28

0.775

ACTA1

Congenital myopathy 2B, severe infantile,

autosomal recessive

Congenital myopathy 2 C, severe infantile,

autosomal dominant

0.763

ALDH18A1

Spastic paraplegia 9B, autosomal recessive

Spastic paraplegia 9 A, autosomal dominant

0.740

TTN

Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle, autosomal recessive 10

Myopathy, myofibrillar, 9, with early respiratory failure

0.708

POLR3B

Leukodystrophy, hypomyelinating, 8, with or without oligodontia and/or hypogonadotropic hypogonadism

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, demyelinating, type 1I

0.700

HTRA1

Autosomal recessive cerebral arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CARASIL)

Cerebral arteriopathy, autosomal dominant, with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy, type 2

0.669

DEAF1

Dyskinesia, seizures, and intellectual developmental disorder

Vulto-van Silfout-de Vries syndrome

0.668

TWNK

Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 7 (hepatocerebral type)

Progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions, autosomal dominant 3

0.638

CLCN7

Osteopetrosis, autosomal recessive 4

Osteopetrosis, autosomal dominant 2

0.569

GHR

Laron syndrome

Growth hormone insensitivity, partial

0.521

LMNA

Mandibuloacral dysplasia

Restrictive dermopathy 2

0.511

SAMD9L

Myelodysplasia and leukaemia syndrome with monosomy 7

Ataxia-pancytopenia syndrome

0.510

  1. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.