Fig. 5: In-situ monitoring results for the pouch aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) with different cut-off voltages.
From: In-situ detection of pH and dissolved oxygen in electrolyte of aqueous zinc-ion batteries
a Time-resolved voltage of the pouch AZIB, IDS-pH and IDS-DO of the EGFET-pH & DO sensor, and the real-time pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration derived from the galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) measurements of a pouch AZIB at 2 C (616 mA g−1) with a normal charging voltage window from 0.80 to 1.80 V. Corresponding pH and DO concentrations at specific time points are indicated by red dots. b Schematic illustration of side reactions in the pouch AZIB at a normal charging voltage window from 0.80 to 1.80 V. Abbreviations: hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), zinc hydroxide sulfate (ZHS). c Time-resolved voltage of the pouch AZIB, IDS-pH and IDS-DO of the EGFET-pH & DO sensor, and the real-time pH and DO concentration derived from the GCD measurements of a pouch AZIB at 2 °C with an overcharging voltage window from 0.80 to 2.20 V. Corresponding pH and DO concentrations at specific time points are indicated by red dots. d Schematic illustration of side reactions in the pouch AZIB at an overcharging voltage window from 0.80 to 2.20 V. Abbreviations: oxygen evolution reaction (OER). e Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of the Zn anode from the normally charged pouch AZIB. f SEM image of the Zn anode from the overcharged pouch AZIB. g X-ray Diffraction (XRD) patterns of the as-made, normally charged and overcharged Zn anodes. The characteristic peak of ZHS is marked with an arrow.
