Fig. 3: Desalination performance.
From: High-flux and anti-fouling membrane distillation membrane with VOC capture ability enabled by ZIF-8
a 900-h performance evaluation of ZIF-8 PE MMM-92%-FDTS at a feed temperature of 70 °C. b Membrane distillation test results of parallel stacked membrane modules (total effective membrane area: 452 cm2), with a NaCl concentration of 10.5 wt%, feed-side temperature of 70 °C, and a vacuum level of 85 kPa. Inset shows a photograph of the parallel stacked membrane modules. c Influence of salt concentration on desalination performance of ZIF-8 PE MMM-92%-FDTS and commercial PVDF-FDTS membranes, at 70 °C feed temperature and 15 kPa absolute pressure. d Comparison of VMD performance (flux and rejection) between ZIF-8 PE MMM-92%-FDTS and literature reports. Corresponding data are provided in Supplementary Table 10. e Toluene concentration over time in the permeate at 200 ppm toluene feed concentration using ZIF-8 PE MMM-92%-FDTS membrane. f Toluene adsorption performance of ZIF-8 PE MMM-92%-FDTS evaluated over five cycles of VMD tests. g Water flux and salt rejection of ZIF-8 PE MMM-92%-FDTS and commercial PVDF-FDTS membranes with 10.5 wt% NaCl feed containing SDS (0.05–0.4 mM). h Water flux and salt rejection of the same membranes with 10.5 wt% NaCl feed containing mineral oil (50–1000 ppm). i Desalination performances comparison of ZIF-8 PE MMM-92%-FDTS and commercial PVDF-FDTS membranes with brines from power plants.
