Table 1 Details on the datasets for each region used in this study

From: Many plants naturalized as aliens abroad have also become more common within their native regions

Region

Data source

Early period

Later period

Total number of grid cells

Size of grid cell

Number of native species used in analysis

Austria

Floristische Kartierung Österreichs74

before 1990

1990–2022

2600

5′ × 3′ (c. 6.25 × 5.55 km2)

2419

Czech Republic

Pladias Database of the Czech Flora and Vegetation (http://www.pladias.cz)75

before 2000

2001–2022

2551

5′ × 3′ (c. 6.25 × 5.55 km2)

1834

Denmark (southeastern regions)

7

1857–1883

2015

263

5 × 5 km2

921

Flanders (northern Belgium)

76

1939–1971

1972–2004

985

4 × 4 km2

861

Germany

8

1960–1987

1997–2017

12024

5′ × 3′ (c. 6.25 × 5 km2)

1715

Great Britain

Plant Atlas 202077

1970–1986

2000–2019

2852

10 × 10 km2

1355

Ireland

Plant Atlas 202077

1987–1999

2000–2019

1007

10 × 10 km2

910

The Netherlands

Nationale Databank Flora en Fauna78

before1990

1990–2022

1685

5 × 5 km2

1115

Switzerland

Infoflora (The National Data and Information Center on the Swiss Flora; https://www.infoflora.ch/)79

before 2000

2000–2022

1827

5 × 5 km2

2307

Thiérache(northern France)

10

1880–1900

1957–2005

129

4 × 4 km2

775