Fig. 3: Detour-induced neural plasticity expressed during offline states.

a, b Example significant detour waking rest replays of T2 (a) and T4 (b) occurring after the detour session ended. Top row, cartoon highlighting the current run session and the track being replayed. Green dots mark the animal’s actual position during replay. Bottom 4 rows display decoding results using place maps concatenated across tracks and sessions. Colormaps are in red for detour tracks and blue for linear tracks. c Proportions of significant waking rest replay of detour (left) and linear (right) tracks grouped by before-experience (frame session earlier than place map session), during-experience, and after-experience sessions. Wilcoxon signed rank test. d Decoding probability of the 2 detour segments and current linear tracks across sessions (Run2Det, Run3Det: detour segments in Run2, Run3; CurrL: current session linear tracks). Wilcoxon ranksum test. e Examples of significant sleep preplay and replay of detour. f Detour preplay and replay measured by absolute weighted correlation and normalized maximum jump, compared with time bin shuffle. Z-tests for two proportions. g Ratio of significant preplay or replay of detour and linear tracks measured by weighted correlation compared with time bin shuffle. Wilcoxon signed rank test. h Replay over preplay plasticity measured with absolute weighted correlation and normalized maximum jump for detour and linear tracks. Z-tests for two proportions. Bar plots display mean±s.e.m., with each dot representing one animal, direction, and detour session (n = 16). ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05, n.s. = not significant. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.