Fig. 5: Metatruss Operators including C-network Initialization, Mutation, and Crossover.

a–j A four-C-network initialization process. One beam for each of the four C-networks is randomly selected and assigned a valid C-network index, adhering to C-network and beam symmetry constraints (a–d). Beams connected to those already assigned are also assigned with valid C-network indices through iterative selection (e–j). k The valid mutation steps. The invalid mutations that break symmetry (l) or disrupt C-network connectivity (m).