Fig. 5: Photostimulation of VTAglutamate-only neurons supports optical intracranial self-stimulation (oICSS), photostimulation of VTAglutamate-GABA neurons does not support oICSS, and photostimulation of VTAGABA-only neurons induces oICSS avoidance.
A Timeline for oICSS sessions (6 days, D1-D6) in which turning the right wheel resulted in laser activation, followed by reversal oICSS sessions (4 days, RD1-RD4) in which turning the left wheel resulted in laser activation. B Glu-only-ChR2-eYFP mice (n = 7) rotated the active wheel for oICSS of VTAglutamate-only neurons significantly more than the inactive wheel and significantly more than Glu-only-eYFP control mice (n = 7) during oICSS training and reversal training sessions (wheel × day × group: F(9,108) = 5.53; p = 0.00001). C Glu-GABA-ChR2-mice (n = 11) and Glu-GABA-eYFP control mice (n = 11) rotated both wheels similarly for oICSS of VTAglutamate-GABA neurons (wheel × day × group: F(9,180) = 0.44; p = 0.91). D Timeline for oICSS avoidance sessions (6 days, D1-D6) in which turning the right wheel resulted in laser stimulation halt for 5 s, followed by reversal sessions (4 days, RD1-RD4) in which turning the left wheel resulted in laser stimulation halt for 5 s. E GABA-only-ChR2-eYFP mice (n = 11), but not GABA-only-eYFP control mice (n = 9), rotated the active wheel significantly more than the inactive wheel during training and reversal sessions (wheel × day × group: F(9,162) = 5.68; p = 0.00001). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Three-way ANOVA with Tukey HSD post hoc test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, against inactive wheel. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
