Fig. 7: Practical applications and safety performance of the IWSWN-SPE.

a, b Cycling performance (a) corresponding voltage profiles (b) of the Li||NCM622 cell with a high positive electrode loading of 15.8 mg cm−2 operated from 2.5 to 4.3 V. c Comparison of the positive electrode mass loading for different polymer-based LMBs. d Cycling performance of the Li||NCM622 pouch cell. e) Discharge profile of the 2.6-Ah solid-state Li||NCM811 pouch cell. f Cycling performances of the Li||LFP cells with PVEC and IWSWN-SPE at 100 °C. (1 C = 160 mA g−1). g, h Digital images of LED lighting tests for the Li|IWSWN-SPE|NCM622 pouch cell under rest, twisting, and cutting. i, j The nail penetration and the corresponding surface temperature variations (i) of 1.0-Ah Li|IWSWN-SPE|NCM811 pouch cell. k Evolution of infrared images of the Li||NCM622 pouch cells in the heating plate experiment using commercial liquid electrolyte and IWSWN-SPE. l–n ARC tests of the Li||NCM622 pouch cells using commercial liquid electrolyte (l) and IWSWN-SPE (n).