Fig. 3: Thermal results from experimental and modeled liter scale CPA vitrification.
From: Physical vitrification and nanowarming at liter-scale CPA volumes: toward organ cryopreservation
a Schematic for a representative case, 0.5 L cryobag containing CPA with placement of three fiber optic temperature probes (3 cm apart). Blue arrows show the direction of LN2 flow in CRF. b Experimental and predicted temperature vs. time plot for 0.5 L M22. The dashed green line shows the programmed CRF temperature profile/protocol. c CRF cooling protocols for 0.5, 1, and 3 L volumes. The regions of ice formation and fracture danger are labeled. Scatter plot of d center cooling rate and e temperature difference (ΔTmax in the glassy region) for all three volumes tested for M22 (mean ± SD; n = 3 independent experiments from distinct samples). Cooling rate is calculated in ranges 0 to −100 °C and −120 to −150 °C for temperature difference plots. Mean cooling rates are greater than the CCR of M22 (~0.1 °C/min). Temperature differences are within the allowable limit (<20 °C) calculated from a simple thermal shock equation21.
