Fig. 2: Regulation and analysis of fluid mechanics behavior of blade-coating process. | Nature Communications

Fig. 2: Regulation and analysis of fluid mechanics behavior of blade-coating process.

From: Sustainable eco-friendly printing of high-performance large-area organic photovoltaics via enhanced Laplace pressure gradient

Fig. 2

a Summary of forces, gradients, and fluid mechanical phenomena during the blade process based on o-XY and o-XY:FDDO solvents, showing the discrepancy between the shapes of the left and right three-phase interfaces. b, c Photographs of gas/liquid confined zones based on high-speed camera recordings of printed large-area (5 cm × 5 cm) active layer films based on PM6:BTP-eC9 without/with FDDO at different times. d, e Contact angle of PM6:BTP-eC9-based active layer solution on PEDOT:PSS substrate without/with FDDO. f Curvature variation of the left interface in printed gas/liquid confined zone. g Curvature variation of the right (evaporated) interface in printed gas/liquid confined zone. h Summary of the mean curvature of the interfaces in printed gas/liquid confined zone. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

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