Fig. 6: Costimulatory molecule levels on cDC2 subsets and the role of TGF-β on Treg induction.

a Surface display levels of MHC-II (I-A) and costimulatory molecules on cDC2 subsets at steady state (top) and 16 h after OVA/HDE inhalation (bottom) were analyzed by flow cytometry (n = 9 biological replicates). Gating strategy depicted in Fig. S9a. b UMAP of lung cDC2 scRNA-Seq analysis depicting cells expressing Tgfb1, Furin and Nrros (left), and percentages of cells expressing Tgfb1, Furin and Nrros in each cluster (right). Effect of the TGF-β receptor inhibitor, SB43142 (c, n = 5 technical replicates), or SD 208 (d, n = 4 technical replicates), on Treg induction by lung cDC2s. CD25 and Foxp3^GFP in CD4⁺ T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry 5 days after coculture with total lung cDC2s. Gating strategy is depicted in Fig. S10a. a Each dot represents an individual mouse. Combined results from two independent experiments are shown. c, d Each dot represents a separate culture of CD4⁺ T cells. Representative results from two experiments are shown. a, c, d Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test. Data are presented as mean values ± SEM. P values are indicated above the graphs. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. cDC conventional dendritic cells, TGF-β transforming growth factor beta, Treg regulatory CD4⁺ T cells, MHC-II major histocompatibility complex class II, OVA ovalbumin, HDE house dust extract, UMAP uniform manifold approximation and projection, scRNA-Seq single cell RNA sequencing.