Fig. 6: Application of the hydrovoltaic device.
From: Ion transport-triggered rapid flexible hydrovoltaic sensing
a Optical photograph of (left) laser cut electrode array and (right) hydrovoltaic device bent at 120°. b Voc responses of the hydrovoltaic device to the simulated sweat with different NaCl concentrations from 10 mM to 80 mM. c 3D sensing surface of the hydrovoltaic device to the simulated sweat. d Real-time Voc signal responses of the hydrovoltaic device to the sweat at different time points during cycling without water replenishment. e Real-time Voc signal responses to the sweat at different time points with multiple water replenishment. f Vpeak signal responses of the hydrovoltaic device to the sweat at different time points during cycling with and without water replenishment. g 3D sensing surface to the conditions of water intake and no water intake. Testing conditions: 25 ± 1 °C, 30 ± 2% RH. The error bars in (f) represent the standard deviations from 3 parallel measurements (n = 3). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
