Fig. 5: Evaluation of the stability and charge-discharge performance of the BNSLTMZ MLCCs.

a Temperature-dependent evolution of Wrec and η of the MLCCs. b Raman spectra of the BNSLTMZ bulk ceramics under various temperature from -180 °C to 180 °C. c Frequency-, and (d) cycling-dependent evolution of Wrec and η of the MLCCs. Time-dependent (e) discharge energy density and (f) overdamped discharge current curves under various electric fields from 40 kV mm−1 to 70 kV mm−1. g Undamped discharge curves under various electric fields from 40 kV mm−1 to 70 kV mm−1. h Evolution of CD and PD values with respect to the electric field.