Fig. 3: Regeneration of all mature joint tissues after joint resection.

a, Repeated live imaging of the ventral view of sp7:eGFP expression before injury (n = 28), at 0 dpjr (n = 25), and at 14 dpjr (n = 19). Bony protrusions denoted by white arrowhead and bony islands indicated by white arrow. b-f, Confocal microscopy imaging of tissue-cleared thbs4a_p1:eGFP and scxa:mCherry expression in the uninjured joint (b) and uninjured ligament (c) (n = 4), at 0 dpjr (n = 3) (d), and in a regenerated joint (e) and regenerated ligament (f) at 56 dpjr (n = 7). Bone visualized with calcein blue staining. White asterisks mark autofluorescent blood vessels. g, Repeated live imaging of the ventral view of scxa:mCherry and sp7:eGFP expression before injury (n = 28), at 0 dpjr (n = 25), and at 57 dpjr (n = 8). h, prg4b (yellow) RNAscope smFISH in ventral sections of the uninjured jaw joint and at 8 dpjr, 14 dpjr, and 21 dpjr (n = 3 per time point). i, RNAscope smFISH for prg4b (yellow) and sox9a (magenta) in sagittal sections of uninjured articular cartilage and at 56 dpjr (n = 4 per timepoint). a,d,g, White dashed lines indicate cut sites. Scale bars, 1 mm (a,g), 200 µm (b-f), 100 µm (h), 20 µm (i). AA, anguloarticular bone; IOP, interopercular bone; Q, quadrate bone; RA, retroarticular bone.