Fig. 4: Dinosaur fauna of the Chubut Group and hypothesized distribution of theropod apex predators in the latest Cretaceous of southern South America.

a Upper Cretaceous non-avian dinosaur faunas of the Chubut Group, Golfo San Jorge Basin, central Patagonia, Argentina, indicating stratigraphic position of Joaquinraptor casali gen. et sp. nov. (denoted by skeletal reconstruction). b Hypothesized distribution of medium- to large-bodied theropod dinosaurs occupying apex predator niches in selected South American depositional basins during the Campanian and Maastrichtian stages of the Late Cretaceous. Note absence of Megaraptoridae north of the Golfo San Jorge Basin. Palaeogeographic basemap ©2023 Colorado Plateau Geosystems Inc., used with permission. Dinosaurian silhouettes except Megaraptoridae by S. Hartman (early diverging Ornithopoda, https://www.phylopic.org/images/05b2229f-34dd-4fdc-aefb-8158a6b38119/parksosaurus-warreni; Hadrosauroidea, https://www.phylopic.org/images/4ae90b8f-bbb4-47cd-a914-98e1c845cf1e/gryposaurus-monumentensis; Rebbachisauridae, https://www.phylopic.org/images/a5b8df09-f5f9-43ae-ae2a-7822ff3e3d56/nigersaurus-taqueti; Titanosauria, https://www.phylopic.org/images/33ae8000-0046-41bb-b68a-189a0eed3eca/opisthocoelicaudia-skarzynskii; Abelisauridae, https://www.phylopic.org/images/d82ad39a-0770-4f85-99a6-f1d17bd1bf64/majungasaurus-crenatissimus), FunkMonk (Aniksosaurus, https://www.phylopic.org/images/d3ae8c0d-107d-45de-992e-177c551e079d/coelurus-agilis), and T. Dixon (Unenlagiinae, https://www.phylopic.org/images/eb481f28-4f1a-4cfc-96ea-f3ab0a622e6b/austroraptor-cabazai).