Fig. 1: Synthesis and characterization of S/Ga-Cd DAs-HMCS.

a Schematic illustration of the synthesis of S/Ga-Cd DAs-HMCS cathode. b SEM image of the Ga-Cd SiO2/APF. c SEM and d atomic-resolution HAADF-STEM images of the Ga-Cd DAs-HMCS. e, f 3D atom mapping and atom distance of Ga-Cd atom pair for marked areas in (d). g EDS elemental mapping for C, N, O, Cd, and Ga elements of Ga-Cd DAs-HMCS. Source data for (f) was provided as a Source Data file.