Fig. 5: Charge/discharge performance of PPC-Li | |Tri-TEMPO hybrid flow batteries.
From: Membrane-free redox flow battery with polymer electrolytes

a Capacity retention and Coulombic efficiency (CE), voltage efficiency (VE), and energy efficiency (EE) of PPC-Li | |Tri-TEMPO (0.5 M) under flow conditions for 100 charge/discharge cycles at an applied current density of 0.5 mA/cm2. b Cyclic voltammograms of the catholyte of the PPC-Li | |Tri-TEMPO (0.5 M) flow battery before and after 100 charge/discharge cycles. c Charge/discharge performance of PPC-Li | |Tri-TEMPO (0.5 M) flow battery at different applied current densities. d Variation in CE, VE, and EE of the PPC-Li | |Tri-TEMPO (0.5 M) flow battery at different applied current densities. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.