Fig. 3: Multi-environment locomotion tests. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: Multi-environment locomotion tests.

From: AI-embodied multi-modal flexible electronic robots with programmable sensing, actuating and self-learning

Fig. 3

a (i) Programmable FEbot assembly design, (ii) Vertical pipe climbing demonstration, (iii) Navigation through confined spaces, (iv) Modular setae arrangements for motion adaptation, (v) Terrain adaptability across substrates. b FEbot (Type I) ascending a curved vertical pipe at 87.6 mm/s. c Load-speed correlation during vertical climbing (top), width-dependent velocity profiles (bottom), with bilateral setae configuration shown inset. d Bidirectional motion in FEbot (Type I) through SMA-driven foldable setae, with integrated load capacity testing. e Steering control via setae orientation modulation (Type II). f Surface-adaptive performance metrics: velocity and loading capacity on sandpaper, paper, and polished wood (Type II). g Pipe navigation using compact folded configuration (Type II). h Aquatic locomotion on submerged surfaces (Type II). i Stair descent capability (Type II).

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