Fig. 4: Morphology and surface compositions of Na electrodes in various electrolytes. | Nature Communications

Fig. 4: Morphology and surface compositions of Na electrodes in various electrolytes.

From: Directing selective solvent presentations at electrochemical interfaces to enable initially anode-free sodium metal batteries

Fig. 4

a–c. SEM images and corresponding optical photos of Na harvested from Na | |Cu cells. scale bar, 10 μm. a 1.8 M NaPF6 in THF, b 1 M NaPF6 in 2-MeTHF and c 1.8 M NaPF6 in THF/2-MeTHF. d C 1 s, e. F 1 s and f. P 2p spectra of deposited Na surface. Statistical analyses of different atomic ratios based on XPS data collected after sputtering: g. F/C and h. P/C. The electrodes in XPS analysis were harvested from Na | |Cu half cells after 10 cycles under a current density of 1 mA/cm2 with a capacity of 1 mAh/cm2 at 22 ± 1°C.

Back to article page