Fig. 1: Conceptual scheme of the development of BM-plastic via molecular shaping process.

a Histogram of global plastic production, use, and waste from 2007 to 2060. The bottom left illustrates the deficiencies associated with plastic waste, while the bottom right outlines the aspects in which current bioplastics require enhancement. b Schematic diagram of molecular shaping design for the construction of BM-plastic through DES treatment and ethanol molecular stimulation. Each element of Schematic diagram was conceived by the authors of this work and drawn using Adobe Photoshop CC 2019 and 3ds Max 2018 software. c Radar plot of BM-plastic and commercial plastic (HDPE, PLA, ABS and PMMA). d Demonstration of the large-scale preparation of BM-plastic.