Fig. 1: Progression of digital forest representation complexity, from simplified radiative transfer models to highly detailed reconstructions enabled by terrestrial laser scanning (TLS).
From: Expanding forest research with terrestrial LiDAR technology
On the left, parametric radiative transfer models depict forests as simple geometric shapes or approximations. In contrast, TLS-based reconstructions (right) provide high-resolution models of forest stands, including individual tree structures, detailed branching systems through quantitative structure models (QSMs), and foliage elements. TLS instruments capture dense 3D point clouds by scanning forests from multiple ground-based positions. These point clouds can then be processed to reconstruct tree geometry, crown shapes, and canopy surface details, supporting realistic structural inputs for modeling frameworks. The integration of TLS data into advanced modeling frameworks supports full forest reconstructions with applications in radiative transfer simulations, enhancing the realism of digital twins for forest ecosystems.
