Fig. 1: Distribution of antibody response markers at M0 and at Peak in the four participant groups defined by (Hybrid Group, Vaccine Group) cross-classified with (PWH, PWoH). The cohorts are random samples from the four groups, comprising the Serum-RIS.

a, b IgG N Index; c, d IgG Spike BA.4/5; e, f nAb-ID50 BA.4/5. Violin plots contain interior box plots with upper and lower horizontal edges representing the 25^th and 75^th percentiles of antibody level and middle line representing the 50^th percentile. Vertical bars represent the distance from the 25^th (or 75^th) percentile of antibody level and the minimum (or maximum) antibody level within the 25^th (or 75^th) percentile of antibody level minus (or plus) 1.5 times the interquartile range. Each side shows a rotated probability density of the data. Covariate-adjusted, mean titer level (in the log₁₀-scale) with 95% confidence intervals and two-sided P-values based on non-parametric bootstrap (see Methods for details of how the bootstrapped p-values were obtained based on g-computation) are given above violin boxplots. Analyses adjusted for HIV status at baseline, age, sex, and BMI (for M0 comparisons of Hybrid Group vs. Vaccine Group and for Peak comparisons of Hybrid Group vs. Vaccine Group); age, sex, and BMI (for M0 comparisons of Hybrid PWH vs. Hybrid PWoH, Peak comparisons of Hybrid PWH vs. Hybrid PWoH, and Peak comparisons of Vaccine PWH vs. Vaccine PWoH). M0 Vaccine PWH and Vaccine PWoH GMVs and 95% CIs shown were also adjusted by age, sex, and BMI. No adjustment was made for multiple comparisons. Peak, 4 weeks post last vaccine dose (M1, Hybrid Group; M2, Vaccine Group). N Nucleocapsid protein, nAb-ID50 50% inhibitory serum dilution neutralizing antibody, PWH people with HIV, PWoH people without HIV, RIS random immunogenicity subset.