Fig. 4: In vitro antibiofilm activity of Motor@CP. | Nature Communications

Fig. 4: In vitro antibiofilm activity of Motor@CP.

From: Amplified copper ion interference and immunomodulation using self-thermophoretic nanomotors to treat refractory implant-associated biofilm infections

Fig. 4

a Representative crystal violet staining images of S. aureus and MRSA biofilms in the Control, CP, Motor, Motor@CP, and Motor@CP + NIR treatment groups. b, c Quantitative analysis of the biomass of S. aureus and MRSA biofilms after different treatments. Data are presented as mean ± s.d. (n = 3 biologically independent samples). d Representative images of colonies derived from S. aureus and MRSA biofilms in the aforementioned treatment groups. e, f CFU counts for S. aureus and MRSA biofilms after different treatments was determined using SPM. Data are presented as mean ± s.d. (n = 3 biologically independent samples). g 3D CLSM images of S. aureus and MRSA biofilms stained with SYTO9 (green: live bacteria) and PI (red: dead bacteria) to visualize biofilm disruption. h SEM images of S. aureus and MRSA biofilms following treatment with different groups. Statistical significance was assessed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test.

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