Fig. 2: Design pipeline enabling Wearable Disposable Electrotherapy.

A comprehensive workflow supports design and validation of devices. a Application-specific design inputs. b Interface design including and load characterization. c Battery cell design (chemistry and structure). d Battery cell characterization and tests. e Battery pack sizing (cell types, size, number). f Performance simulation using Isotemporal Trajectory Theory. g Battery pack tests. h Design for conformability and manufacturability. i Design validation in human trials. Design stages (colored regions, dashed arrow: within stage testing) incorporate design input and produce design outputs (solid arrows/circled letters) for other stages. In practice, the system design of Wearable Disposable Electrotherapy is iterative between stages.