Fig. 1: Temperature change in the Southern Ocean. | Nature Communications

Fig. 1: Temperature change in the Southern Ocean.

From: Inter-basin contrast in the Southern Ocean warming

Fig. 1

a, b Linear trends of 0-700 m ocean heat content (OHC) for the period of 1960-2020 derived from the average of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP) ocean analysis data7,63, the version 4.2.2 of the Met Office Hadley Centre “EN” series of datasets (EN4)35, and the 2017 version of Ishii analysis data34; see “Methods”) and CESM1-LE ensemble-mean. Grey curves indicate the zonal belt of 35°S-55°S where the Pacific and Atlantic-Indian sectors are separated by 70°W and 150°E. c, d Meridional mean (35°S-55°S) temperature trends for the same period in observations and CESM1-LE ensemble mean. The horizontal dashed line denotes the depth of 700 m and the vertical black line indicates 70°W. Stippling indicates insignificant changes at the 95% confidence level. e, f Time series of averaged 0–700 m temperature in the Pacific and Atlantic-Indian sectors, based on observations and CESM1-LE. All variables are shown as anomalies relative to the 1960–1970 baseline. Grey shading shows the one standard deviation range of CESM1-LE members. The CESM1-LE results analyzed here consist of the historical simulation of 1960–2005 and Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 projection of 2006–2100.

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